Central Banks and Real-Time Payments: Lessons from Brazil’s Pix
Introduction Real-time payments (RTP) are an increasingly popular means by which individuals can send credits from one account to another. Many banks have established internal . . .
Central Banks and Real-Time Payments: Lessons from Brazil’s Pix
Relevant Market in the Google AdTech Case
Digital advertising is the economic backbone of much of the Internet. But complaints have recently emerged from a number of quarters alleging the digital advertising market is monopolized by its largest participant: Google.
Regulating Payment-Card Fees: International Best Practices and Lessons for Costa Rica
Executive Summary In 2020, the Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica passed Legislative Decree 9831, which granted the Central Bank of Costa Rica (BCCR) authority to . . .
Issue Brief: The EU Artificial Intelligence Act
As currently drafted, the text of the EU's proposed Artificial Intelligence Act would define virtually all software as AI.
Guiding Principles and a Legislative Checklist for Consumer Privacy Regulation
State legislatures are now tackling consumers’ digital privacy. Given the Internet’s inherently international character, a federal bill setting a national standard for digital privacy would . . .
Credit Cards and the Reverse Robin Hood Fallacy: Do Credit Card Rewards Really Steal from the Poor and Give to the Rich?
This paper considers the evidence for and against the reverse Robin Hood hypothesis, finding that the reverse Robin Hood may be more mythical than the original Robin Hood.
Issue Brief: The Great Transatlantic Data Disruption
A new issue brief published jointly by ICLE and the Progressive Policy Institute looks at looming threats to transatlantic data flows between the U.S. and EU that power an estimated $333 billion in annual trade of digitally enabled services.
Issue Brief: Pole Attachments and Broadband Build-out
President Joe Biden has made broadband build-out part of his Build Back Better plan, arguing that it constitutes essential infrastructure, much like electricity and water. . . .
ICLE’s Principles for the Future of Broadband Infrastructure
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the resilience of U.S. broadband infrastructure, the extent to which we rely on that infrastructure, and the geographies and communities . . .